【非谓语动词是什么】在英语语法中，非谓语动词是动词的一种特殊形式，它不充当句子的谓语，而是以其他形式出现在句中，承担不同的语法功能。常见的非谓语动词包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing、过去分词done）。它们虽然不直接表示动作的时态或人称变化，但可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
为了更清晰地理解非谓语动词的用法和区别，以下是对它们的总结与对比：
非谓语动词总结
| 类型 | 形式 | 功能说明 | 举例 |
| 不定式 | to + 动词原形 | 常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等 | I want to go. (作宾语) To learn is important. (作主语) |
| 动名词 | doing | 常作主语、宾语、表语、定语 | Swimming is good exercise. (作主语) She enjoys reading. (作宾语) |
| 现在分词 | doing | 常作定语、状语、补语、表语 | The running water is cold. (作定语) He is working hard. (作表语) |
| 过去分词 | done | 常作定语、状语、补语、表语 | The broken glass needs to be cleaned. (作定语) She was surprised. (作表语) |
非谓语动词的常见用法总结
1. 不定式（to do）
- 作主语：To speak English well takes time.
- 作宾语：I decided to study abroad.
- 作表语：My job is to teach.
- 作定语：Do you have any questions to ask?
- 作状语：He went to the store to buy some milk.
2. 动名词（doing）
- 作主语：Reading is a good habit.
- 作宾语：She enjoys playing basketball.
- 作表语：Her hobby is collecting stamps.
- 作定语：The meeting is at 3 p.m.
3. 现在分词（doing）
- 作定语：The singing bird is beautiful.
- 作状语：Seeing the problem, he knew what to do.
- 作补语：I saw her walking in the park.
- 作表语：The cake is baking in the oven.
4. 过去分词（done）
- 作定语：The written report is on the table.
- 作状语：Given more time, we could finish it.
- 作补语：The door was left open.
- 作表语：The food is cooked.
通过掌握这些非谓语动词的用法，可以更灵活地构造复杂句子，提升英语表达的多样性与准确性。在实际写作和口语中，合理使用非谓语动词能让语言更加地道自然。
